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UMOUNT(8) Linux Programmer's Manual UMOUNT(8)
NAME
umount - unmount file systems
SYNOPSIS
umount [-hV]
umount -a [-dflnrv] [-t vfstype] [-O options]
umount [-dflnrv] dir | device [...]
DESCRIPTION
The umount command detaches the file system(s) mentioned from the file hierarchy.
A file system is specified by giving the directory where it has been mounted. Giv-
ing the special device on which the file system lives may also work, but is obso-
lete, mainly because it will fail in case this device was mounted on more than one
directory.
Note that a file system cannot be unmounted when it is 'busy' - for example, when
there are open files on it, or when some process has its working directory there,
or when a swap file on it is in use. The offending process could even be umount
itself - it opens libc, and libc in its turn may open for example locale files. A
lazy unmount avoids this problem.
Options for the umount command:
-V Print version and exit.
-h Print help message and exit.
-v Verbose mode.
-n Unmount without writing in /etc/mtab.
-r In case unmounting fails, try to remount read-only.
-d In case the unmounted device was a loop device, also free this loop device.
-i Don't call the /sbin/umount.<filesystem> helper even if it exists. By
default /sbin/umount.<filesystem> helper is called if one exists.
-a All of the file systems described in /etc/mtab are unmounted. (With umount
version 2.7 and later: the proc filesystem is not unmounted.)
-t vfstype
Indicate that the actions should only be taken on file systems of the speci-
fied type. More than one type may be specified in a comma separated list.
The list of file system types can be prefixed with no to specify the file
system types on which no action should be taken.
-O options
Indicate that the actions should only be taken on file systems with the
specified options in /etc/fstab. More than one option type may be specified
in a comma separated list. Each option can be prefixed with no to specify
options for which no action should be taken.
-f Force unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system). (Requires kernel
2.1.116 or later.)
-l Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and
cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore.
(Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.)
THE LOOP DEVICE
The umount command will free the loop device (if any) associated with the mount, in
case it finds the option 'loop=...' in /etc/mtab, or when the -d option was given.
Any pending loop devices can be freed using 'losetup -d', see losetup(8).
NOTES
The syntax of external umount helpers is:
/sbin/umount.<suffix> [-nlfvr] dir | device
where the <suffix> is filesystem type or a value from "uhelper=" mtab option.
The uhelper (unprivileged umount request helper) is possible used when non-root
user wants to umount a mountpoint which is not defined in the /etc/fstab file (e.g
devices mounted by HAL).
FILES
/etc/mtab table of mounted file systems
SEE ALSO
umount(2), mount(8), losetup(8).
HISTORY
A umount command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
Linux 2.0 26 July 1997 UMOUNT(8)
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