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Under GNU General Public License
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TRACEROUTE(8) Fedora Core Linux TRACEROUTE(8)
NAME
traceroute - print the route packets trace to network host
SYNOPSIS
traceroute [-46dFITUnrAV] [-f first_ttl] [-g gate,...]
[-i device] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr]
[-q nqueries] [-N squeries] [-t tos]
[-l flow_label] [-w waittime] [-z sendwait]
host [packetlen]
traceroute6 [options]
tracert [options]
tcptraceroute [options]
DESCRIPTION
traceroute tracks the route packets take across an IP network on their way to a
given host. It utilizes the IP protocol's time to live (TTL) field and attempts to
elicit an ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED response from each gateway along the path to the host.
traceroute6 equivalents to traceroute -6
tracert equivalents to traceroute -I
tcptraceroute equivalents to traceroute -T -p 80
OPTIONS
The only required parameter is the name or IP address of the destination host. This
paremeter can be followed by the size of the probing packet sent to that host (40
by default). Varying the size of the packet in conjunction with the -F parameter
can be used to obtain information about the MTU of individual network hops. (The
size parameter is useless for TCP probes).
Additional options are:
--help Print help info and exit.
-4, -6 Explicitly force IPv4 or IPv6 traceouting. By default, the program will try
to resolve the name given, and choose the appropriate protocol automati-
cally. If resolving a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
traceroute will use IPv4.
-I Use ICMP ECHO for probes
-T Use TCP SYN for probes
-U Use UDP datagrams for probes (it is default). Only UDP method is allowed for
unprivileged users.
-d Enable socket level debugging (when the Linux kernel supports it)
-F Set the "Don't Fragment" bit. This tells intermediate routers not to frag-
ment the packet when they find it's too big for a network hop's MTU.
-f first_ttl
Specifies with what TTL to start. Defaults to 1.
-g gateway
Tells traceroute to add an IP source routing option to the outgoing packet
that tells the network to route the packet through the specified gateway.
Not very useful, because most routers have disabled source routing for secu-
rity reasons.
-i interface
Specifies the interface through which traceroute should send packets. By
default, the interface is selected according to the routing table.
-m max_ttl
Specifies the maximum number of hops (max time-to-live value) traceroute
will probe. The default is 30.
-N squeries
Specifies the number of probe packets sent out simultaneously. Sending sev-
eral probes concurrently can speed up traceroute considerably. The default
value is 15.
Note that some routers and hosts can use ICMP rate throttling. In such a
situation specifying too large number can lead to loss of some responses.
-n Do not try to map IP addresses to host names when displaying them.
-p port
For UDP tracing, specifies the destination port base traceroute will use
(the destination port number will be incremented by each probe).
For ICMP tracing, specifies the initial icmp sequence value (incremented by
each probe too).
For TCP specifies just the (constant) destination port to connect.
-t tos For IPv4, set the Type of Service (TOS) and Precedence value. Useful values
are 16 (low delay) and 8 (high throughput). Note that in order to use some
TOS precendence values, you have to be super user.
For IPv6, set the Traffic Control value.
-w waittime
Set the time (in seconds) to wait for a response to a probe (default 5.0
sec).
-q nqueries
Sets the number of probe packets per hop. The default is 3.
-r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is
returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
that has no route through it.
-s source_addr
Chooses an alternative source address. Note that you must select the address
of one of the interfaces. By default, the address of the outgoing interface
is used.
-z sendwait
Minimal time interval between probes (default 0). If the value is more than
10, then it specifies a number in milliseconds, else it is a number of sec-
onds (float point values allowed too). Useful when some routers use rate-
limit for icmp messages.
-A Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and print results directly
after the corresponding addresses
-V Print the version and exit.
This program attempts to trace the route an IP packet would follow to some internet
host by launching a probe packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening
for an ICMP "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes with a ttl
of one and increase by one until we get an ICMP "port unreachable" (or TCP reset),
which means we got to "host", or hit a max (which defaults to 30 hops). Three (by
default) probes are sent at each ttl setting and a line is printed showing the ttl,
address of the gateway and round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers
come from different gateways, the address of each responding system will be
printed. If there is no response within a 5.0 (default) seconds, a "*" is printed
for that probe.
We don't want the destination host to process the UDP probe packets so the
destination port is set to an unlikely value (you can change it with the -p flag).
There is no such problem for ICMP or TCP tracerouting (for TCP we close sessions
immediately after connect).
After the time some additional annotation can be printed: !H, !N, or !P (host, net-
work or protocol unreachable), !S (source route failed), !F (fragmentation needed),
!X (communication administratively prohibited), !V (host precedence violation), !C
(precedence cutoff in effect), or !<num> (ICMP unreachable code <num>). If almost
all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute will give up and
exit.
SEE ALSO
ping(8), ping6(8), tracepath(8), netstat(8).
Fedora Project 11 October 2006 TRACEROUTE(8)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.49 2006/02/26 13:18:18 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.37 (Unix) mod_throttle/3.1.2 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 mod_psoft_traffic/0.2 mod_ssl/2.8.28 OpenSSL/0.9.8b
Under GNU General Public License
2009-01-07 21:04 @38.103.63.55 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)